An unexpected and fascinating trend

Did you know that Latin American Pentecostals are increasingly reading John Owen? Daniel Caballero tells us why, and why we should be encouraged by this trend in the growing Global South church.

Most Herald readers will be familiar with John Owen (1616-1683)—the seventeenth-century English theologian, well-known in Reformed circles and among those who enjoy reading books published by The Banner of Truth. However, you may not be aware of Owen’s popularity in the Spanish-speaking world, especially in contexts traditionally not associated with Reformed theology, such as Pentecostalism. So why is John Owen, a seventeenth-century English theologian, gaining popularity among diverse Christian groups in Latin America? What factors contribute to this phenomenon in Peru, Chile, Brazil and Colombia?

To understand this unexpected and fascinating trend, we must examine the historical, socio-economic, and cultural contexts that have facilitated the rise of Reformed theology in Latin America and, consequently, the prominence of John Owen.

Significant growth

Firstly, consider the significant growth of Protestantism in Latin America over the last thirty years. When Phil Jenkins, in his book The Next Christendom (2011), noted the southward and eastward shift of Christianity’s centre of gravity, he was describing a transformation now evident in countries like Peru. For example, Protestantism’s share of the population in Peru has surged from just over 0.1% to about 23% within four decades. This shift has been fueled by various factors, including economic growth, increased educational standards, and broader access to theological resources via the Internet. With improved education, many Latin Americans seek a more robust theological foundation than what prevailing Pentecostalism has historically provided, finding answers in Reformed theology.

Yet, why John Owen specifically? Why not John Calvin or Jonathan Edwards, equally influential figures in Reformed thought? Owen’s appeal lies significantly in his endorsement by modern influential preachers. John Piper, Sinclair Ferguson, J.I. Packer, and others have frequently cited Owen, presenting him as a paragon of sound doctrine and pastoral wisdom. This powerful endorsement has introduced Owen to a wide Hispanic audience, bridging historical and cultural gaps.

Resonant writings

Moreover, Owen’s writings resonate deeply with the struggles and spiritual quests of Latin American Christians. He is seen not merely as a theologian but as a relatable figure who faced religious persecution and personal loss—experiences that mirror the histories of many Latin American believers. Owen’s emphasis on the mortification of sin and spiritual warfare appeals particularly to Pentecostal and Charismatic Christians, who value these aspects of Christian life.

Owen’s lack of a solid denominational identity further broadens his appeal. Unlike theologians firmly associated with specific denominations, Owen’s teachings are versatile enough to be embraced by Baptists, Pentecostals, Charismatics, and Presbyterians. His theological independence makes him a unifying figure in a religious landscape often marked by denominational divides.

Revolutionary figure

Additionally, socio-political factors play a role. Latin America’s historical context, characterized by anti-colonial sentiments and resistance to oppressive systems, aligns with Owen’s perceived stance against religious and political oppression. Unlike figures linked with colonialism, Owen is seen as a revolutionary thinker who championed religious liberty and theological integrity, making him an attractive model for contemporary Latin American Protestants.

Finally, the advent of the Internet must be noticed. It has democratized access to Owen’s works, allowing millions to explore his theology through sermons, books, and online courses. This digital revolution mirrors the impact of the printing press during the Protestant Reformation, enabling a widespread dissemination of Reformed theology across the Spanish-speaking world.

Expanding influence

Owen’s growing popularity in Latin America is a multifaceted phenomenon. It is driven by the region’s socio-economic advancements, the influential endorsements by modern preachers, Owen’s theological relevance and relatability, and the broad accessibility of the Internet. As Latin American Protestantism continues to evolve, Owen’s influence will likely expand, shaping the spiritual and theological landscape of the Global South. With this in mind, perhaps ten or twenty years from now, the popularity of Owen and other figures traditionally associated with English-speaking Reformed theology will be more prevalent in just those non-English speaking countries. To paraphrase the words of Phil Jenkins, a new Christianity is coming into our time without our realizing it.